Primary health care is generally the first point of contact that people have with the health system, and it is also the gateway for access to other, specialised health services. This chapter also includes feature articles on end-of-life care and on Indigenous women's access to maternal health services. This chapter focuses principally on primary health care and hospital services, and on selected specialised treatment services: mental health services and alcohol and other drug treatment services. Although this program reached almost 60% of the eligible population, there is room for improvement.Īs outlined in Chapter 2, Australia's health system is a complex network of providers, services and settings, not all of which are covered in Australia's health 2016. In each of the 2-year periods 2012–20–2014, more than 3.8 million women took part in the National Cervical Screening Program. Population-based cancer screening is another major area of prevention activity in Australia, with national programs for breast, cervical and bowel cancers. Immunisation is one of the most effective health-prevention strategies, and in Australia more than 90% of children are fully immunised by the time they start school. Health prevention and promotion strategies-such as sanitation, immunisation, anti-smoking campaigns, clean air and water, food safety and workplace health and safety-have helped to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and to create safer, healthier environments in which to live. This chapter examines these two functions of the health system: prevention and treatment. Should they become ill, people need to have access to timely and appropriate treatment. A fundamental aim of any health system is to prevent disease so that people remain as healthy as possible for as long as possible.
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